1 The Pesticide Dilemma – The
Debate Over Pesticide Risks And Benefits
1.1 Trends In Pesticide Use
1.1 Uses Of Pesticides
1.2 Pesticide Use In Agriculture
1.2.1 Estimated Quantities Of Pesticide Use
1.2.2 Economic Benefits Of Pesticide Use
1.2.3 World Population, Agricultural Pesticides And The World Food Challenge
1.3 Pesticides In Public Health
1.4 Pesticide Use In Urban Areas
2 Pesticide Uptake And Movement In Target Organisms
2.1 Selective Pesticide Toxicity
2.2 Plants As Target Organisms
2.3 Animals As Target Systems
2.4 Fungi As Target Organisms
3 Important Classes Of Pesticides
3.1 Pesticides Affecting Energy
3.2 Neurotoxic Pesticides
3.3 Mitosis Inhibitors In Plants
3.4 Hormone Mimics And Growth Regulators
3.5 Pesticides Affecting Membranes
3.6 Pesticides Affecting Metabolic Reactions
4 Metabolism Of Pesticides
4.1 Enzyme Systems Involved In Phase 1 Reactions
4.3 Phase-2, Conjugation Reactions
5 Pesticide Residues In Food
5.1 Maximum Residue Limits And Tolerances
5.2 Concerns About The Consumption Of Multiple Residues
5.3 The 1996 Food Quality Protection Act Of The USA
6 Fate And Movement Of Pesticides In The Environment
6.1 Pesticides In Soil
6.2 Pesticides In Water
6.3 Entry of Pesticides Into Air
6.4 Bioconcentration and Biomagnification of Pesticides
6.5 Characterizing Exposure
6.5.1 Kinetics and Equilibrium Processes
6.5.2 Environmental Measurements
6.5.3 Treatment of Data Below the LOD and LOQ
6.5.4 Estimating the Environmental Concentration
6.5.5 Empirical Worst-Case Models for Pesticides
6.5.6 Complex Models
7 Ecological Risk Assessment Of Pesticides
7.1 General Principles Of Risk Assessment
7.2 Hazard Quotient Approach
7.3 Probabilistic Approach
7.3.1 The Joint Probability Curve
7.3.2 Risk Categories
7.4 Methods for Conducting Probabilistic Risk Assessment
7.4.1 The Exposure Profile
7.4.2 Calculating Ranks for the Distribution
7.4.4 The Toxicology Profile and the Species Sensitivity
Distribution
7.4.5 Choosing the Distribution Model
7.4.6 Addressing Uncertainty in Probabilistic Risk
Assessment
7.4.7 Other Lines of Evidence
8 Human Health Risk Assessment Of Pesticides
8.1 Toxicity Tests Used For Pesticide Risk Assessment In
Humans
8.2 Risk Assessment Of Pesticide Residues In Foods
8.3 Risk Assessment For Occupational Exposure To Pesticides
